====Running Computer Operating System Directly From External Data Storage Device====

~-Run an operating system directly from an external data storage device:
~~-//bypassing// the existing, internal operating system on one's computer.
~~-//without altering// the configuration of the existing, internal operating system on one's computer (//unless// one deliberately chooses to do so in order to fix a broken system configuration).

~-External data storage devices:
~~-S.D. flash memory card
~~-U.S.B. flash memory drive
~~-solid-state drive (S.S.D.)
~~-hard disk drive (H.D.D.)
~~-optical disc drive (O.D.D.) (see LiveDVD)

==How to flash/write a disk image file to external storage device (except optical disc drive)==
~-From within GNU+Linux (select one of the following software tools)
~~-[[https://mxlinux.org/wiki/help-files/help-mx-live-usb-maker/ MX Live USB Maker]] ([[https://github.com/MX-Linux/lum-qt-appimage/releases AppImage]])
~~-[[https://gitlab.com/systemrescue/systemrescue-usbwriter SystemRescue USB Writer]]
~~-[[https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/usbimager/-/releases USBImager]]
~~-[[https://easyos.org/install/how-to-write-easyos-to-a-flash-drive.html#EasyDD_frontend_for_dd EasyDD]]
~~-//dd// command, via the command-line interface:
~~~-ensure the target device (external storage device) is disconnected, or unmounted, from the computer
~~~-next, list all known disk devices connected to the computer, via the command-line interface: **%%lsblk -al%%**
~~~-next, connect the target device to the computer via an USB port
~~~-next, **{{color text="determine the correct device name, which has the format sdX, of the target device" c="blue"}}** by invoking the //lsblk// command again, and comparing both outputs: **%%lsblk -al%%**
~~~-then, flash (write) the disk image file (with file extension //.img// or //.iso//) to the target device, via the command-line interface: **%%time sudo dd bs=4M conv=fdatasync,noerror,notrunc oflag=direct status=progress if=<DISK_IMAGE_FILE> of=/dev/sdX%%**
~~~~-where X refers to the device letter for your target device
~~~~-where <DISK_IMAGE_FILE> is replaced with the actual disk image file name, with file extension  //.img// or //.iso//
~~~~-**{{color text="WARNING" c="blue"}}** the //dd// command will overwrite all existing data on the target device sdX - USE ENTIRELY AT YOUR OWN RISK
~-From within Android:
~~-ensure an external device is connected to the smartphone/tablet, via the USB port
~~-then, use the following free software program:
~~~-[[https://etchdroid.app/ EtchDroid]]
~~~~-[[https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.depau.etchdroid/ Download]]
~-From within Microsoft Windows:
~~-ensure the external device is connected to the computer, usually via a USB port
~~-then, use one of the following tools:
~~~-[[https://rufus.ie Rufus]] (the latest version of Rufus requires Windows 8 or later; last supported version for Windows 7 is [[https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v3.22/rufus-3.22p.exe version 3.22]])
~~~-[[https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter/releases Fedora Media Writer]]
~~~-[[https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/usbimager/-/releases USBImager]] ([[https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/usbimager/raw/master/usbimager-manual.pdf User's Manual]])

==How to flash/write a disk image file to external storage device (optical disc drive only)==
~-LiveDVD

==Appendix==
~-https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/faqs/uefi-flashdrive.html
~-https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/faqs/uefi-flashdrive2.html
~-https://distro.ibiblio.org/fatdog/web/faqs/usb-boot.html
~-https://easyos.org/install/how-to-install-easyos-on-a-new-ssd.html
~-https://www.system-rescue.org/Installing-SystemRescue-on-a-USB-memory-stick/
~-https://www.happyassassin.net/posts/2014/01/25/uefi-boot-how-does-that-actually-work-then/
~-https://uefi.org/faq

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